乳脂肪球膜磷脂-免疫球蛋白G脂质体的制备

以乳脂肪球膜磷脂为膜材,采用高压均质法制备免疫球蛋白G脂质体, 研究了不同磷脂浓度、不同均质压力和不同均质次数对脂质体的包埋率和平均粒径的影响。结果表明,磷脂浓度越大,脂质体包埋率越高、粒径越大; 均质压力和均质次数对脂质体的包埋率和平均粒径有不同程度的影响,脂质体粒径在100～200 nm之间,包埋率可达52%。用差示扫描量热法检测脂质体各组成物质的相变过程,电镜观察脂质体为球状或近似球状的小囊泡,显示成功制备出一种以乳中成分为膜材的可食用性脂质体。     

奶牛场与奶牛小区原料牛奶质量指标的研究

对奶牛场与奶牛小区原料奶质量指标如乳脂肪、乳蛋白、乳糖、乳非脂固形物、细菌总数、体细胞数等进行了试验观测,结果表明：大型奶牛场原料牛奶的乳脂肪、乳蛋白、乳糖、乳非脂固形物等的含量与奶牛小区原料奶差异不显著（P〉0．05）,原料奶微生物指标如细菌总数、体细胞数差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

饲料真蛋白质含量与饲料品质检验方法的探讨

以16种饲料原料为研究对象,测定其粗蛋白质与真蛋白质含量。结果表明,16种饲料原料中,真蛋白质占粗蛋白质的比例变幅为45.42%-90.74%。酒精粉、鱼粉、微生态制剂（猪）、微生态制剂（蛋鸡）、华润酒精蛋白、沈阳酒精DDG、DDGS、沈阳玉米脐粕的真蛋白质占粗蛋白质的比例超过了80%,其余种类饲料原料的真蛋白质含量远低于粗蛋白质含量,豌豆粉和精蛋白的真蛋白质占粗蛋白质的比例只有45.42%和47.97%。说明从蛋白质质量角度讲,部分饲料真蛋白质含量较低,可能是影响饲料品质的一个重要因素。     

冷藏大西洋鲑背腹部鱼片脂肪氧化变化规律及货架期模型的建立

以冷藏三文鱼背腹部鱼片为研究对象,定期取样测定其在冷藏过程中与脂肪氧化相关的酸价(Acid Value, AV)值、过氧化值(Peroxide Value, POV)和硫代巴比妥酸值(Thiobarbituric Acid Value, TBA),结合感官评价,探究冷藏三文鱼背部、腹部鱼片在贮藏过程中的脂肪氧化变化规律并建立基于脂肪氧化指标的货架期预测模型并进行验证。结果表明：三文鱼背部、腹部鱼片的AV值、POV值以及TBA值都随贮藏时间延长而呈现增加的趋势,感官评价得分一直降低,腹部鱼片比背部鱼片变化更加明显,且温度越高脂肪氧化指标变化越显著。将冷藏三文鱼背部、腹部鱼片的脂肪氧化指标用一级化学反应动力学模型拟合后发现：POV值、TBA值与一级化学反应动力学模型有很好的拟合效果(R2>0.90);AV值与一级化学反应动力学模型有较好的拟合效果(R2>0.82)。用Arrhenius方程建立冷藏温度下三文鱼背部、腹部鱼片AV值、POV值、TBA值与贮藏时间、贮藏温度的动力学模型具有很高的拟合精度(R2>0.90)。建立的动力学方程中背部AV值、POV值和TBA值的活化能EA分别为：47.309 KJ/mol、81.611 KJ/mol、35.560 KJ/mol,腹部的活化能EA分别为：77.628 KJ/mol、55.686 KJ/mol、19.399 KJ/mol。建立的三文鱼背部、腹部鱼片的预测货架期模型经验证后发现,脂肪氧化指标的预测值与实际值相对误差在(±10.60)%内,因此该模型能很好的预测冷藏温度下三文鱼片的货架期。     

‘改良蒜’抗紫斑病变异株系的离体筛选

以‘改良蒜’品种带蒜瓣基部的茎盘为外植体,在含有不同浓度大蒜紫斑病菌粗毒素的MS培养基上采取分步筛选法筛选大蒜抗病变异系,并诱导形成小鳞茎;对小鳞茎繁殖的幼苗叶面喷施病菌粗毒素进行抗病性鉴定。结果表明,大蒜紫斑病菌粗毒素对‘改良蒜’愈伤组织的诱导有显著抑制作用,粗毒素浓度越高,抑制作用越强,抗病愈伤组织诱导的适宜病菌粗毒素浓度为30%;在粗毒素浓度10%、20%和30%的培养基上依次分步培养筛选获得了抗紫斑病变异系。粗毒素接种抗性鉴定表明,抗性系幼苗的抗病性比对照增强。     

挤压膨化对玉米秸秆中粗纤维含量的影响

通过五因素五水平正交旋转组合试验,研究了挤压膨化系统参数(套筒温度、螺杆转速、螺杆末端至模板内表面的距离、模孔间隙和物料含水率)对挤压膨化后的玉米秸秆粗纤维含量的影响规律。结果表明,挤压系统参数对粗纤维含量都有不同程度的影响,其中螺杆转速和物料的含水率对粗纤维的影响显著。通过分析得出粗纤维含量在25%～28%的综合工艺措施:模孔间隙!为4 mm、δ段长度为12 mm、套筒温度为140℃、螺杆转速为65r.min-1、含水率为32%,为生产中应用膨化秸秆做饲料提供参考。     

Association of polymorphisms in adipocyte fatty acid binding protein gene with fat-related traits in chicken

PCR-SSCP analysis was used to detect polymorphic sites in chicken adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) gene. Six Chinese local breeds, Beijing-You chicken, Dwarf chicken, Taihe silky chicken, Chongrenma chicken, Xiayan chicken, Luyuan chicken and an introduced foreign breed, Arbor Acre broiler, were used as test populations. Three PCR-SSCP loci were detected. Statistical results showed that frequencies of genotypes and alleles were significantly different in the test populations. Sequence analysis revealed that C → T, G → A, and C → T transitions were responsible for the polymorphisms. Some fat-related traits such as body weight, content of intramuscular fat (IMF) and percentage of abdominal fat (AFP) were measured in Dwarf chickens and male Beijing-You chickens. We found out that chicken quality was significantly related to different genotypes in these two populations. __________ Translated from Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2007, 38(6): 526–532 [译自 : 畜牧兽医学报]     

Developmental Changes of the LPL mRNA Expression and Its Effect on IMF Content in Sheep Muscle

This study investigates the developmental changes of the lipoprotein lipase （LPL） mRNA level in sheep muscle and its effect on intramuscular fat （IMF） accumulation. Male Kazak and Xinjiang Merino sheep at 2-120 days old were selected. Six animals of each breed were slaughtered at 2, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days （only the Xinjiang Merino sheep at 120-day old were available） to collect samples from longissimus dorsi muscle for the purpose of determining the IMF content and extracting total RNA that was used to investigate the developmental changes of the LPL mRNA expression by real-time PCR. The results showed that in male Kazak sheep, the IMF content increased with the progress of development and there were significant differences （P〈0.05） between the age groups. However, there was no difference （P〉0.05） between age groups in Xinjiang Merino sheep. Furthermore, the IMF content of the male Kazak sheep was significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） than that of the Xinjiang Merino sheep aged from 30 to 90 days. The highest LPL mRNA expression appeared at day 2 and it was significantly higher than that of all other age groups （P 〈 0.01）, while animals at 60-day old had the lowest LPL mRNA expression in the male Kazak sheep. In Xinjiang Merino sheep, the highest one occurred at 30-day old （P〈0.01）, followed by a continuous decrease to the lowest level at 90-day old, and then it started to increase slightly. At 2 to 60-day old, the LPL mRNA expression was negatively correlated to the IMF content （r=-0.625, P 〈 0.05） in male Kazak sheep, but no such relationship was detected in the male Xinjiang Merino sheep.     

大蒜白腐病菌产毒素培养条件的优化

采用大蒜幼苗根系生长抑制率生物检测法,研究了该病菌在不同培养基、培养时间、培养温度、培养液pH、光照和振荡培养等条件下粗毒素的活性和产量,结果表明：大蒜白腐病病菌的最佳产毒培养基为Fries液体培养基,培养温度为18.0 ℃,培养基pH值为5.0,在黑暗条件下连续振荡培养6 d时产生的粗毒素的毒性最强。     

道地药材红豆杉规范化种植研究进展

基于中草药材规范化种植（GAP）的研究思路,系统地综述了红豆杉品种选择、繁育技术、生产管理,以及采摘粗加工整个过程的研究进展;并针对红豆杉GAP基地建设中的薄弱环节提出红豆杉研究方向,即优树选择的系统规范化,环境影响的重要性与目的性,施肥与激素影响的效用性、实用性,采摘的科学性,储藏与粗加工条件的规范化,原料质量的检测等。